太湖流域漕桥河小流域水环境容量估算及污染物削减分配   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

张利民  刘洋  孙卫红  边博 《湖泊科学》2009,21(4):502-508

太湖流域漕桥河区域水环境质量日益恶化,成为影响该区域可持续发展的主要问题之一,为此基于漕桥河小流域和水质污染分段的特征,计算了研究区域的水环境容量和污染物削减量,提出河流污染分段控制和流域管理的水环境容量控制模式,建立河流氮磷污染控制的可操作性措施,从而确定重点工程和措施实施的年度计划,形成污染源年度削减方案,可为小流域污染控制管理提供科学依据.  相似文献   

流域社会经济发展对山东省东平湖水环境影响评估及优化调控   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

后希康  高伟  徐鹏  罗永龙  韦亚南  营娜  周丰 《湖泊科学》2014,26(2):313-321

针对我国湖泊生态环境保护及"一湖一策"工作的需要,开展了流域社会经济对东平湖水环境效应评估及联合调控方案研究.在基于"压力状态响应"评估方法、系统动力学模拟和情景分析的基础上,全面评估了东平湖当前水平、未来变化速率和主要瓶颈,确定了流域社会经济系统调控战略的必要性及潜力、方向和底线.结果表明:1)东平湖评估指数从2000年的52.4提升到2010年的61.6,其评估等级从Ⅲ级提升到Ⅱ级,若仅维持现状水平和高速发展速度,未来20年评估指数将很可能呈现缓慢下降趋势,长期处于Ⅲ级,甚至达到Ⅳ级;2)为了确保维持现状等级及稳中小幅度上升的趋势,到2030年,东平湖流域社会经济发展速度控制在过去11年平均增长速度的75%,环境响应措施提升到评估标准的Ⅰ级水平;3)建议东平湖的流域生态系统管理工作应先削减已有的和潜在的污染源排放量,随后以自然恢复为主,使湖泊水质进一步改善.  相似文献   

Determining soil erosion rates on semi‐arid watersheds using radioisotope‐derived sedimentation chronology          下载免费PDF全文

V. O. Polyakov  M. N. Nichols  M. A. Nearing 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(6):987-993

This study investigates erosion dynamics of the past 90 years in three small semi‐arid watersheds with histories of grazing and vegetation change. Activity of ¹³⁷Cs and excess ²¹⁰Pb from 18 cores collected from sedimentation ponds were measured using a gamma spectrometer. The sediment was dated using a constant rate of supply (CRS) model. This study represents the first time that reservoir sediment accumulation rates determined from fallout isotopes have been verified by direct volumetric measurements of aggradation based on topographic surveys. Measured sedimentation in the ponds ranged between 1.9 and 2.3 cm y^?1, representing average sediment delivery rates from the watersheds of between 0.6 and 2.0 t ha^?1 y^?1. These sediment delivery rates were in agreement with those established by other methods for similar catchments in the region. Past variations in sedimentation rates were identified and correlated with recorded history of anthropogenic disturbance. ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb methods are suitable for use in arid environments and can complement each other to increase reliability of erosion rate estimates. The abundance of stock ponds in southwestern USA presents an opportunity to quantify historic erosion and sediment transfer dynamics in areas that have not been well studied or instrumented. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA  相似文献   

Estimation of large wood budgets in a watershed and river corridor at interdecadal to interannual scales in a cold‐temperate fluvial system          下载免费PDF全文

Maxime Boivin  Thomas Buffin‐Bélanger  Hervé Piégay 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(13):2199-2213

Large wood (LW) is a ubiquitous feature in rivers of forested watersheds worldwide, and its importance for river diversity has been recognized for several decades. Although the role of LW in fluvial dynamics has been extensively documented, there is a need to better quantify the most significant components of LW budgets at the river scale. The purpose of our study was to quantify each component (input, accumulation, and output) of a LW budget at the reach and watershed scales for different time periods (i.e. a 50‐year period, decadal cycle, and interannual cycle). The LW budget was quantified by measuring the volumes of LW inputs, accumulations, and outputs within river sections that were finally evacuated from the watershed. The study site included three unusually large but natural wood rafts in the delta of the Saint‐Jean River (SJR; Québec, Canada) that have accumulated all LW exported from the watershed for the last 50 years. We observed an increase in fluvial dynamics since 2004, which led to larger LW recruitment and a greater LW volume trapped in the river corridor, suggesting that the system is not in equilibrium in terms of the wood budget but is rather recovering from previous human pressures as well as adjusting to hydroclimatic changes. The results reveal the large variability in the LW budget dynamics during the 50‐year period and allow us to examine the eco‐hydromorphological trajectory that highlights key variables (discharge, erosion rates, bar surface area, sinuosity, wood mobility, and wood retention). Knowledge on the dynamics of these variables improves our understanding of the historical and future trajectories of LW dynamics and fluvial dynamics in gravel‐bed rivers. Extreme events (flood and ice‐melt) significantly contribute to LW dynamics in the SJR river system. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Identifying the spatial pattern and importance of hydro‐geomorphic drainage impairments on unpaved roads in the northeastern USA          下载免费PDF全文

Beverley C. Wemple  Gordon E. Clark  Donald S. Ross  Donna M. Rizzo 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(11):1652-1665

Roads have been widely studied as sources of runoff and sediment and identified as pollutant production sources to receiving waters. Despite the wealth of research on logging roads in forested, upland settings, little work has been conducted to examine the role of extensive networks of rural, low‐volume, unpaved roads on water quality degradation at the catchment scale. We studied a network of municipal unpaved roads in the northeastern US to identify the type and spatial extent of ‘hydro‐geomorphic impairments’ to water quality. We mapped erosional and depositional features on roads to develop an estimate of pollutant production. We also mapped the type and location of design interventions or best management practices (BMPs) used to improve road drainage and mitigate water quality impairment. We used statistical analyses to identify key controls on the frequency and magnitude of erosional features on the road network, and GIS to scale up from the survey results to the catchment scale to identify the likely importance of unpaved roads as a pollutant source in this setting. An average of 21 hydro‐geomorphic impairments were mapped per kilometer of road, averaging 0.3 m³ in volume. Road gradient and slope position were key controls on the occurrence of these features. The presence of BMPs effectively reduced erosion frequency. Scaled up to the watershed and using a conservative estimate of road–stream connectivity, our results for the Winooski River watershed in the northeastern US suggest that roughly 16% and 6% of the average annual sediment and phosphorus flux, respectively, of the Winooski River may be derived from unpaved roads. Our study identifies an under‐appreciated source of water quality degradation in rural watersheds, provides insights into identifying ‘hot spots’ of pollutant production associated with these networks, and points to effectiveness of design interventions in mitigating these adverse impacts on water quality. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Stream habitat provided by large wood at risk under drainage law     

Patrick D. Shirey  Jillian B. Kenny  Michael A. Brueseke  Gary A. Lamberti 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(5):1318-1324

Watershed management efforts in agriculturally dominated landscapes of North America face nearly two centuries of laws and policies that encouraged habitat destruction. Although streams and wetlands in these landscapes are actively being restored using designs that incorporate science and engineering, watershed drainage laws can constrain action or impact passively restored or naturalized habitat. In general, drainage laws require removal of any riparian vegetation or wood deemed to obstruct flow in streams regulated as drains. We use a case study from Indiana (USA) to introduce the shortcomings of drainage laws for allowing large wood, which is an important habitat feature, to remain in stream ecosystems. Removals of large wood from monitored stream reaches in a regulated drain were associated with subsequent declines in fish biomass. Such legal activities represent an important environmental management problem that exists under drainage laws which apply to streams over a widespread geographic region of North America. Recent litigation in Wisconsin (USA) suggests that if state legislatures fail to update these antiquated laws, the courts may act in favour of science-based management of drains. The statutes and regulations that govern agricultural drainage warrant careful consideration if streams within drainage districts are to be managed to improve ecological function. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

鄱阳湖区乐安河流域营养盐负荷影响因素分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

夏雨  鄢帮有  方豫 《湖泊科学》2015,27(2):282-288

鄱阳湖作为中国最大的淡水湖,2000年后其水系和湖体水质总体都呈下降趋势.以鄱阳湖流域内的典型流域——乐安河流域为例,初步分析了流域内面源污染的主要影响因素、主要污染成分及其对污染程度的影响.研究表明,氮比磷对水质影响更明显,氮的3种物质形态中硝态氮(NO-3-N)含量最高,对水质影响也最大.根据总氮和NO-3-N浓度差异可将流域内的水质分为4个区域,从上游到下游富营养化程度不断升高,最上游为Ⅱ类水质,而最下游的总氮浓度接近Ⅳ类水标准.3年监测期内降雨量和强度的变化导致氮、磷浓度的巨大差异,林地对面源污染物有较好的消减作用,而农田的氮、磷流失是营养物产生的主要来源,人类活动特别是农事活动对土壤氮、磷的干扰是导致氮、磷浓度年内变化的主要原因.因此,削减流域内营养盐的产生、减少入湖河流携带污染物总量是改善鄱阳湖水质的重要途径.  相似文献   

沂河流域浮游植物与水质评价   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

高远  苏宇祥  亓树财 《湖泊科学》2008,20(4):544-548

通过2006年7月至2007年5月首次对沂河流域水体浮游植物展开的周年调查,结果表明:该流域共有浮游植物门73属181种及变种.以绿藻和硅藻种类最多,其中沂河7门137种、枋河7门134种、东汶河7门75种、蒙河6门67种、湅河6门70种、柳青河7门80种.应用污染指示种、污染指示群落和浮游植物综合指数评价沂河流域水质,综合评价其水质分别为:东汶河、涑河、蒙河、枋河和沂河均为β-中污,柳青河为α-β-中污;水质从优至劣排序为:辣河>东汶河>枋河>沂河>蒙河>柳青河.橡胶坝建设改变了沂河和枋河的水量时空调配,严重降低了其水流速度,导致浮游植物群落从河流相向湖泊相转变;对东汶河、蒙河、辣河、柳青河四条河流影响相对较小.  相似文献   

How pixel size affects a sediment connectivity index in central Belgium   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Vincent Cantreul  Charles Bielders  Aleix Calsamiglia  Aurore Degré 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(4):884-893

Connectivity has become an increasingly used concept in hydrological and sediment research. In order to quantify it, various indices have been proposed since the start of the 21st century including the index of connectivity. This index is based on a limited number of factors, the most important one being topography. Sediment connectivity indices values probably depend on the digital elevation model (DEM) resolution. The aim of this study was, first, to compare the effect of DEM pixel size (between 0.25 and 10 m, using an UAV) in the Belgian loess belt, a lowland area. We show that the index values were lower when the pixel size decreased (a difference of about 20% in value between 0.25 and 10 m). In addition, the impact of linear features in the watershed (e.g. grass strip, bank and road) was lower with the largest pixel sizes, and the connectivity pattern was affected with a pixel size of 5 m or more. At lower pixel sizes (1 m or below), some more disconnected regions appeared. These corresponded with zones where there had been water stagnation during and after rainfalls, and was corroborated by field observations. This confirmed the need for a proper resolution according to the objectives of the study. The second aim of this study was to deduce a minimum pixel size for connectivity study, helping local erosion or sedimentation location and consequent land management decisions. In our context, 1 m stands as the optimum DEM resolution. This pixel size permitted location of all ‘key areas’ in terms of erosion. Very high resolutions (<0.5 m) did not generate much more information, and their calculation time was far greater. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

流域生态健康评价理论与方法研究进展   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

李春晖  崔嵬  庞爱萍  郑小康 《地理科学进展》2008,27(1):9-17

对流域进行生态健康评价,将为流域的规划、管理和保护以及流域综合治理提供决策依据。本文回顾了国 内外流域生态健康评价的历史和现状,着重阐述了流域生态系统健康评价的尺度与方法。流域生态系统健康评价 主要有两种方法：一是生物监测法,二是指标体系法。对流域进行生态健康评价,重点在于建立评价指标体系。流域 生态健康评价的指标体系应该包括生物、水质、水文、栖息地、社会经济和人类健康等六方面指标。最后,明确指标 选取的基本原则,并指出了目前流域生态健康评价存在的问题及今后的研究趋势。  相似文献